Force budget: 3. Application to three-dimensional flow of Byrd Glacier, Antarctica / Ian M. Whillans, Y.H. Chen, C.J. Van der Veen, Terence J. Hughes.

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245 00 ‡aForce budget :‡b3. Application to three-dimensional flow of Byrd Glacier, Antarctica /‡cIan M. Whillans, Y.H. Chen, C.J. Van der Veen, Terence J. Hughes.
260 ## ‡a[S.l.] :‡b[s.n.],‡c1989.
300 ## ‡ap. 68-80 :‡bdiags., map.
500 ## ‡aJournal of Glaciology. Vol. 35(119) :68-80 (1989).
520 3# ‡aStresses at surface and at depth are calculated for stretch of glacier. Calculations are based on photogrammetrically determined velocities and elevations, and on radio echo-determined ice thicknesses. Results are maps of drags from each valley wall, of normal forces laterally and longitudinally, and of basal drag. Special challenges in calculation are numerical gridding of velocity, ensuring that unreasonable short-wavelength features do not develop in calculation, and inference of ice thickness where there are no data. Results show important variations in basal drag. For floating part, value is near zero, and, within grounded part, longitudinal components are very variable, reaching 300 kPa with dominant wavelength of 13 km. Generally, drag maxima correlate with maxima in driving stress, but exception occurs in centre of grounded part where flow shows major deviations from axis of valley. Other results are that side drag is roughly constant at 250 kPa along margins of glacier, tension from ice shelf is about 100 kPa, and tension in grounded part cycles between 250 and 150 kPa. Calculated deep velocities are too large and this is attributed to deficiencies in conventional isotropic flow law used.
650 07 ‡a551.32 -- Glaciology.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a551.324 -- Land ice.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a551.324.51 -- Land ice, theory of flow.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a551.324.54 -- Land ice, flow of particular glaciers: Byrd Glacier.‡2udc
650 07 ‡aE5 -- Glaciology: land ice.‡2local
651 #7 ‡a(*7) -- Antarctic regions.‡2udc
651 #7 ‡a(*772) -- Byrd Land.‡2udc
700 1# ‡aWhillans, Ian M.
700 1# ‡aChen, Y. H.
700 1# ‡aVan der Veen, C. J.
700 1# ‡aHughes, Terence J.
773 0# ‡7nnas ‡tJournal of Glaciology. ‡gVol. 35(119) (1989) ‡wSPRI-20534
917 ## ‡aUnenhanced record from Muscat, imported 2019
948 3# ‡a20240418