Historic and prehistoric fluctuations of Alpine glaciers in the Mount Garibaldi map-area, southwestern British Columbia / W.H. Mathews.

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100 1# ‡aMathews, W. H.
245 10 ‡aHistoric and prehistoric fluctuations of Alpine glaciers in the Mount Garibaldi map-area, southwestern British Columbia /‡cW.H. Mathews.
260 ## ‡a[S.l.] :‡b[s.n.],‡c1951.
300 ## ‡ap. 357-380 (July)
500 ## ‡aOffprint: Journal of Geology. Vol. 59(4) :357-380 (July).
520 3# ‡aThe behaviour of Warren, Sphinx, Helm, and Black Tusk Glaciers is examined on the basis of botanical and geological studies. More than 12 alpine glaciers and glacierets, having an aggregate area of slightly more than 22 sq. mi., existed in the area in 1947, most of which were located in the NE part of Mt. Garibaldi. The firn line near Garibaldi Lake lies betwen 6500-7000 ft while 15 miles south of Mt. Garibaldi it is at 5000 ft. Permafrost was found 2.5 ft below the surface at Cinder Cone extending to a depth of 40 ft. All the glaciers have been retreating since about 1860. The decrease in thickness of individual glaciers ranged from 4.5 to 12.5 ft/a since 1911, coiunciding with a relatively warm period. The maximum advance of Helm,. Warren, and Sphinx Glaciers in the last 3 centuries exceeded any other since the latter part of the Pleistocene. The advances of Black Tusk Glacier in the past few centuries failed by far to reach the limits of a much earlier advance, probably due to a reduction in its potential accumulation caused by an unusually rapid lowering of its cirque headwall by erosion. Data are tabulated and graphed on the annualk frontal retreats of the glaciers from 1860-1949, wasting an accumulation of Helm Glacier and corresponding depths and summer temperatures; and the glaciers and their changes are mapped.
650 07 ‡a551.324.22 -- Glaciers: Black Tusk Glacier (BC).‡2udc
650 07 ‡a712.23 -- National parks: Garibaldi Provincial Park (BC).‡2udc
650 07 ‡a(237.1) -- Rockies and other mountains of western North America: Mt. Garibaldi.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a551.32 -- Glaciology.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a551.324 -- Land ice.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a551.324.22 -- Glaciers.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a551.324.63 -- Land ice, advance and retreat.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a551.583 -- Climatic changes.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a551.324.22 -- Glaciers: Helm Glacier (BC).‡2udc
650 07 ‡a551.324.22 -- Glaciers: Sphinx Glacier (BC).‡2udc
650 07 ‡a551.324.22 -- Glaciers: Warren Glacier (BC).‡2udc
650 07 ‡aE5 -- Glaciology: land ice.‡2local
651 #7 ‡a(*429) -- British Columbia.‡2udc
651 #7 ‡a(*41) -- Canada.‡2udc
852 7# ‡2camdept‡bSCO‡cSPRI-BMT‡hBound in Basement Seligman 33‡0Migrate
917 ## ‡aUnenhanced record from Muscat, imported 2019
948 3# ‡a20240416