The energetics of lactation in Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) / John P.Y. Arnould.

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035 ## ‡aSPRI-174359
040 ## ‡aUkCU-P‡beng‡eaacr
100 1# ‡aArnould, John P. Y.
245 14 ‡aThe energetics of lactation in Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) /‡cJohn P.Y. Arnould.
260 ## ‡a[Aberdeen] :‡b[s.n.],‡c1995.
300 ## ‡axv, 209 p. :‡bdiags., tables ;‡c30 cm.
500 ## ‡aThesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Aberdeen.
520 3# ‡aDescribes energetics of lactation in Antarctic fur seals based on data collected from 1990 to 1993 at Bird Island, South Georgia. Average milk contents were 41% lipid, 10% protein, 45% water and 1% carbohydrates and ash. Milk lipid and energy contents increased throughout lactation, were positively related to maternal mass and duration of foraging trips, and decreased during periods of nursing pups ashore. Rate of milk production is 4-5 times greater on land than at sea. Adult females had proportionately lower total body water and higher gross energy contents than pups. At all ages female pups were lighter than males, but with significantly higher body lipid reserves for any given mass. Milk energy consumed by pups during 1-2 day maternal attendance periods ranged from 49-68 MJ and increased steadily with age before decreasing significantly in last 30-40 days before weaning. There were no significant differences in milk consumption between male or female pups. Daily energy consumption averaged 8.3 MJ and was independent of maternal foraging trip duration. Because pups fast during long maternal absences, majority of resources transferred to pup are used for maintenance instead of growth. Females undertaking short foraging trips had higher dive rates but lower metabolic rates than females making longer trips, which gained more mass such that energetic efficiency with which they gained mass was independent of foraging trip duration or diving behaviour. Total energetic costs of milk production and metabolism during lactation period are estimated at 940 MJ and 2161 MJ respectively. Total food energy consumed by individual adult females during lactation period is estimated at 3710 MJ.
541 0# ‡aBAS (gift)‡5UkCU-P
650 07 ‡a599(26) -- Sea mammals.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a599.745 -- Pinnipedia.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a599.745.1 -- Otaridae: Arctocephalus gazella.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a591.568 -- Care and feeding of young animals.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a574.56 -- Energetics, aquatic.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a591.134 -- Animal growth.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a91(08) -- Expeditions: 1962- British Antarctic Survey.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a91(08) -- Expeditions: 1990-93 BAS.‡2udc
650 07 ‡a.000(410) -- British author.‡2udc
650 07 ‡aH6 -- Zoology: mammals.‡2local
651 #7 ‡a(*7) -- Antarctic regions.‡2udc
651 #7 ‡a(*723) -- South Georgia and Shag Rocks.‡2udc
852 7# ‡2camdept‡bSCO‡cSPRI-THE‡h1995[Arn]‡9Create 1 item record‡0Migrate
916 ## ‡a133871 -- 2006/02/08 -- HS
917 ## ‡aUnenhanced record from Muscat, imported 2019
948 3# ‡a20231130 ‡bHS