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Poul Christoffersen MSc PhD
University Senior Lecturer
Glaciologist and Engineer, researching glacier and permafrost dynamics, interactions of ice-sheets with oceans and the cryosphere's response to climate change, using numerical models, satellite remote sensing and data acquired by geophysical fieldwork.
Biography
Career
- 2007 to present: Lecturer in Physical Geography, Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge
- 2004-2006, Lecturer in Glaciology, University of Wales, Aberystwyth
- 2003-2004, Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of California, Santa Cruz
- 1998-1999, Engineering Geologist, Coffey Geosciences, Melbourne, Australia
Qualifications
- MSc, Technical University of Denmark
- PhD, Technical University of Denmark
Research
One of the most challenging scientific problems today is the theoretical understanding of climate change, including accurate assessment of future impacts on natural environments. My research is focused on the dynamics of glaciers, ice sheets and permafrozen ground, and the interactions of the cryosphere with Earth's climate system. To examine cryosphere-climate interactions, I use geophysical data acquired from field campaigns and remote sensing together with theoretical models. Current research projects include the development of 3D numerical models of glaciers in Antarctica and Greenland, to develop a better understanding of their flow and to assess their role in modulating sea level change. Research in the Antarctic includes observations and modelling of subglacial processes beneath ice streams with complex flow history. In the Arctic, I am researching air-sea and ice-ocean interactions and the effect of these on the flow of marine-terminating outlet glaciers. The Arctic component of my research also includes assessment of thermokarst processes and permafrost thaw.
PhD research opportunities
Graduate student research opportunities within my research group range from large-scale issues related to the past and future behavior of polar ice sheets to more specific themes such as basal hydrology, dynamics of fast glacier flow, oceanic controls on calving rates. Dr. Narelle Baker, who graduated in 2012, studied the interaction of hydrological and mechanical processes beneath Antarctic ice streams and was able to pinpoint hydrological regimes causing oscillations between fast and stagnant modes of flow. Dr. Martin O'Leary, who also graduated in 2012, developed a new theoretical model of bouyant meltwater plumes in front of tidewater glaciers, to predict rates of subaqueous ice-front melting and assess the effect of undercutting. Current students are: Craig Stewart, who received the Scott Centenary Scholarship and is studying the oceanography of the Ross Ice Shelf cavity using mooring data, and Joe Todd, who is studying the mechanical coupling of ice flow and calving for glaciers terminating in the ocean. Examples of potential new projects are available, but these topics are not definitive. I am happy to discuss project ideas and funding opportunities by e-mail.
MPhil in Polar Studies
I usually supervise one or two students on the MPhil in Polar Studies. This programme differs from many other Masters programmes in that students are encouraged to develop independent research projects from which they can write a scientific paper. Recent dissertations include 'Calving stability of Rink Isbræ: Flowline modelling investigation using Elmer FEM' by Joe Todd (who is now one of my PhD students), 'Characterising sikussak and other forms of ice melange in Greenland fjords' by Clare Fraser, 'Relating surface and bed properties of Antarctic ice streams' by Jan de Rydt (continued to do a postdoc at the British Antarctic Survey), 'The effect of ice profile and roughness on melt rates at the ice-ocean interface' by Oliver Marsh (continued to do a PhD at Univ. Canterbury in New Zealand), 'Southeast Greenland Ice Sheet short term response to environmental conditions', by Anthony Seale (decided to study law - don't ask me why), 'The role of atmospheric and oceanic forcing in Greenland outlet glacier behaviour' by Rachells Carr (continued to do a PhD at Univ. Durham)
Research Grants
Airborne geophysical investigations of basal conditions at flow transitions of outlet glaciers on the Greenland Ice Sheet
PI and Co-I: Julian Dowdeswell and Poul Christoffersen
Funding: Natural Environment Research Council, £809,856 (2010-2013)
PI's on Joint Projects: Martin Siegert (Edinburgh) and Jonathan Bamber (Bristol)
Determining the Dynamical Response of the Greenland Ice Sheet to Climate Forcing using a Geophysical, Remote-Sensing and Numerical Modelling Framework
PI and Co-I: Poul Christoffersen and Marion Bougamont
Funding: Natural Environment Research Council, £88,193 (2009-2012)
PI's on Joint Projects: Alun Hubbard (Aberystwyth) and Bernd Kulessa (Swansea)
Permafrost changes in the Arctic
PI and Co-I: Poul Christoffersen and Julian Dowdeswell
Funding: Eni S.p.A., £521,744 GBP (2008-2012)
Investigating basal conditions and flow dynamics on Vestfonna Ice Cap
PI and Co-I: Poul Christoffersen and Julian Dowdeswell
Funding: Natural Environment Research Council, £53,258 (2008-2009)
Understanding contemporary changes in the Antarctic Ice Sheet
PI and Co-I: Poul Christoffersen and and Marion Bougamont
Funding: Natural Environment Research Council, £165,878 (2007-2010)
PIs on Joint Projects: Tony Payne (Bristol) and Andreas Vieli (Durham)
Identification of subglacial paleolakes in Arctic Canada: geophysical surveys in the Great Slave Lake
PI: Poul Christoffersen
Funding: University Research Fund, £9,000 (2005-2007)
Publications
- O'Leary, M. and P. Christoffersen, Calving on tidewater glaciers amplified by submarine frontal melting, The Cryosphere Discuss., 6, 3287-3316, 2012.
- Bougamont, M. and P. Christoffersen, Hydrologic forcing of ice stream flow promotes rapid transport of sediment in basal ice, Geology, 40, 735-738, doi:10.1130/G33036.1, 2012.
- Christoffersen, P., M. O'Leary, J. H. van Angelen, M. van den Broeke, Partitioning effects from ocean and atmosphere on the calving stability of Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier, East Greenland, Annals of Glaciology, 53, 249-256, 2012.
- Cowan, E., P. Christoffersen, R. Powell, Sedimentological signature of a deformable bed preserved beneath an ice stream in a late Pleistocene glacial sequence, Ross Sea, Antarctica, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 82, 270-282, 2012.
- Schäfer, M., T. Zwinger, P. Christoffersen, F. Gillet-Chaulet, K. Laakso, R. Pettersson, V. A. Pohjola, T. Strozzi, and J. C. Moore, Sensitivity of basal conditions in an inverse model: Vestfonna Ice-Cap, Nordaustlandet/Svalbard
The Cryosphere, 6, 771-783, 2012. (open access: www.the-cryosphere.net/6/771/2012/) - Kargel, J.S. and 15 others incl. P. Christoffersen, Greenland's shrinking ice cover: "fast times" but not that fast, Cryosphere, 6, 533-537, 2012. (open access: www.the-cryosphere.net/6/533/2012/)
- Bougamont, M., S. Price, P. Christoffersen, A. J. Payne, Dynamic patterns of ice stream flow in a 3D higher-order ice sheet model with plastic bed and simplified hydrology, Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, F04018, doi:10.1029/2011JF002025.
- Pettersson, R., P. Christoffersen, J. A. Dowdeswell, V. A. Pohjola, A. Hubbard, T. Strozzi, Ice thickness and basal conditions of Vestfonna Ice Cap, eastern Svalbard, Geografiska Annaler A-Physical Geography, 93A, 311-322, doi:10.1111/j.1468-0459.2011.00438.x, 2011
- Pohjola, V. A., P. Christoffersen, L. Kolondra, J. C. Moore, R. Pettersson, M. Schafer, T. Strozzi, C. Reijmer, Spatial distribution and change in the surface ice-velocity field of Vestfonna Ice Cap, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, 1995-2010, using geodetic and satellite interferometry data, Geografiska Annaler A-Physical Geography, 93A, 323-335 doi:10.1111/j.1468-0459.2011.00441.x, 2011
- Christoffersen, P., R. I. Mugford, K. J. Heywood, I. Joughin, J. A. Dowdeswell, J. P. M. Syvitski, A. Luckman, T. J. Benham, Warming of waters in an East Greenland fjord prior to glacier retreat: mechanisms and connection to large-scale atmospheric conditions, The Cryosphere, 5, 701–714, 2011. (open access: www.the-cryosphere.net/5/701/2011/)
- Seale, A., P. Christoffersen, R. I. Mugford, M. O'Leary, Ocean forcing of the Greenland Ice Sheet: Calving fronts
and patterns of retreat identified by automatic satellite monitoring of eastern outlet glaciers, Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, F03013, doi:10.1029/2010JF001847, 2011. - Bentley, M., P. Christoffersen, D. Hodgson, A. Smith, S. Tulaczyk, A. Le Brocq, Subglacial lake sediments and sedimentary processes: potential archives of ice sheet evolution, past environmental change and the presence of life, In Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments, Geophysical Monograph Series, 192, American Geophysical Union, 2011.
- Lim, J., J. Woodward, S. Tulaczyk, P. Christoffersen, S. P. Cummings, Analysis of the microbial community and geochemistry
of a sediment core from Great Slave Lake, Canada, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology, 99, 423-430, 2011. - Christoffersen, P., S. Tulaczyk, A. Behar, Basal ice sequences in Antarctic ice stream: exposure of past hydrologic conditions and a principal mode of sediment transfer, Journal of Geophysical Research, F03034, doi:10.1029/2009JF001430, 2010.
- Christoffersen, P., S. Tulaczyk, N. Wattrus, J. Peterson, N. Quintana-Krupinski, C. Clark and C. Sjunneskog, Large Subglacial lake beneath the Laurentide Ice Sheet inferred from sedimentary sequences, Geology, 36, 563-568, 2008.
- Christoffersen, P., S. Tulaczyk, F. Carsey, and A. Behar, 2007, Reply to comment by A. W. Rempel et al. on "A quantitative framework for interpretation of basal ice facies formed by ice accretion over subglacial sediment", Journal of Geophysical Research, F02037, doi:10.1029/2006JF000732.
- The Lake Ellsworth Consortium, 2007, Exploration of Ellsworth Subglacial Lake: a concept paper on the development, organisation and execution of an experiment to explore, measure and sample the environment of a West Antarctic subglacial lake, Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 6, 161-179.
- Larsen, N.K., J.A. Piotrowski, P. Christoffersen, and J. Menzies, 2006, Formation and deformation of basal till during a glacier surge, Elisebreen, Svalbard, Geomorhology, 81, 217-234.
- Christoffersen, P., S. Tulaczyk, F. Carsey, and A. Behar, 2006, A quantitative framework for interpretation of basal ice facies formed by ice accretion over subglacial sediment, Journal of Geophysical Research, F01017, doi:10.1029/2005JF000363.
- Christoffersen, P., J.A. Piotrowski and N.K. Larsen, 2005, Basal processes beneath an Arctic glacier and their geomorphic imprint after a surge, Elisebreen, Svalbard, Quaternary Research, 64, 125-137.
- Christoffersen, P. and S. Tulaczyk, 2003a, Signature of palaeo-ice stream stagnation: till consolidation induced by basal freeze-on, Boreas, 32(1), 114-129.
- Christoffersen, P. and S. Tulaczyk, 2003b, Thermodynamics of basal freeze-on: predicting basal and subglacial signatures beneath stopped ice streams and interstream ridges, Annals of Glaciology, 36, 233-243.
- Christoffersen, P. and S. Tulaczyk, 2003c, Response of subglacial sediments to basal freeze-on: I. Theory and comparison to observations from beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(B4), 2222, doi:10.1029/2002JB001935.
Magazines and popular science
- Christoffersen, P., Times Atlas ice error was lesson in how scientists should mobilize, Guardian, 21st September, 2011 (www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/sep/21/times-atlas-error-scientists-mobilise) Article was featured on cover of environmental section and had 11,000 page views over 2 days
- Hambrey, M.J., J. Bamber, P. Christoffersen, N Glasser, A. Hubbard, B. Hubbard, R. Larte, Glaciers: no-nonsense science, Geoscientist, 20, 18-23, 2010. (http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/page7523.html)
- Christoffersen, P. and M.J. Hambrey, Is the Greenland Ice Sheet in a state of collapse? Geology Today, 22, 99-104, 2006. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2451.2006.00561.x/full) Most frequently read article in 2006-2008 with 6000+ downloads, 10th most popular in 2010.
Books and book sections
- Christoffersen, P., Greenland Ice Sheet, in Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers, Springer, 2011.
- Hambrey, M.J., P. Christoffersen, N.F. Glasser and B. Hubbard, Glacial Sedimentation Processes and Products, International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication, vol. 39, pp. 416.
